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- b. 1926, Montreal, Quebec
-
- Dept. of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston
-
- Born of American parents, David Hubel grew up in Montreal. His father was a
- chemist. He majored in physics at McGill University, and then became
- interested in the medical world. So he enrolled in McGill's medical school,
- without ever having taken a biology course. Hubel moved to Johns Hopkins in
- 1958, and teamed up with Torsten Wiesel from Sweden. The pair began to make
- key discoveries about the visual cortex almost immediately. A year later
- they moved to Harvard Medical School, continuing their experiments.
- Throughout the 60s and 70s, Hubel and Wiesel co-authored a series of
- ground-breaking papers on the visual cortex. They used microelectrodes and
- modern electronics to detect the activity of individual neurons, using cats
- as their subjects. (The cats were not harmed by these experiments; indeed,
- their purring created vibration problems.) They found that stimulation of
- cells on the retina by light causes activity in particular cells in the
- striate cortex, where cells are arranged in columns and layers. This cell
- activation is surprisingly specific: some cells respond to spots of light,
- others to lines whose tilt is critical. Still others respond only to
- specific movements or to specific colours. Thanks to the work of Hubel and
- Wiesel, the visual cortex has become the best known part of the brain.
- Hubel and Wiesel shared the Nobel Prize in Medicine in 1981.
-
- Sources: Interview in Omni Magazine, Feb. 1990; Chambers Concise Dictionary
- of Scientist.
-
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